Chapter 9
Exodus 9
Then the LORD said vnto Moses, Goe in vnto Pharaoh, and tell him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrewes, Let my people goe, that they may serue me.
GenevaThen the Lord said vnto Moses, Go to Pharaoh, and tell him, Thus saith the Lord God of the Ebrewes, Let my people go, that they may serue me.
וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֹּ֖א אֶל פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְ/דִבַּרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗י/ו כֹּֽה אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽ/עִבְרִ֔ים שַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת עַמִּ֖/י וְ/יַֽעַבְדֻֽ/נִי
For if thou refuse to let them goe, and wilt hold them still,
GenevaBut if thou refuse to let them goe, and wilt yet holde them still,
כִּ֛י אִם מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה לְ/שַׁלֵּ֑חַ וְ/עוֹדְ/ךָ֖ מַחֲזִ֥יק בָּֽ/ם
Behold, the hand of the LORD is vpon thy cattell which is in the field, vpon the horses, vpon the asses, vpon the camels, vpon the oxen, and vpon the sheepe: there shall be a very grieuous murraine.
GenevaBeholde, the hande of the Lord is vpon thy flocke which is in the fielde: for vpon the horses, vpon the asses, vpon the camels, vpon the cattell, and vpon the sheepe shalbe a mightie great moraine.
הִנֵּ֨ה יַד יְהוָ֜ה הוֹיָ֗ה בְּ/מִקְנְ/ךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּ/שָּׂדֶ֔ה בַּ/סּוּסִ֤ים בַּֽ/חֲמֹרִים֙ בַּ/גְּמַלִּ֔ים בַּ/בָּקָ֖ר וּ/בַ/צֹּ֑אן דֶּ֖בֶר כָּבֵ֥ד מְאֹֽד
And the LORD shall seuer betweene the cattell of Israel, and the cattell of Egypt, and there shall nothing die of all that is the childrens of Israel.
GenevaAnd the Lord shall doe wonderfully betweene the beastes of Israel, and the beastes of Egypt: so that there shall nothing dye of all, that pertaineth to the children of Israel.
וְ/הִפְלָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בֵּ֚ין מִקְנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּ/בֵ֖ין מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם וְ/לֹ֥א יָמ֛וּת מִ/כָּל לִ/בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל דָּבָֽר
And the LORD appointed a set time, saying, To morrow the LORD shall doe this thing in the land.
GenevaAnd the Lord appointed a time, saying, To morowe the Lord shall finish this thing in this lande.
וַ/יָּ֥שֶׂם יְהוָ֖ה מוֹעֵ֣ד לֵ/אמֹ֑ר מָחָ֗ר יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה הַ/דָּבָ֥ר הַ/זֶּ֖ה בָּ/אָֽרֶץ
And the LORD did that thing on the morrow; and all the cattell of Egypt died, but of the cattell of the children of Israel died not one.
GenevaSo the Lord did this thing on the morow, and all the cattel of Egypt dyed: but of the cattell of the children of Israel dyed not one.
וַ/יַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת הַ/דָּבָ֤ר הַ/זֶּה֙ מִֽ/מָּחֳרָ֔ת וַ/יָּ֕מָת כֹּ֖ל מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם וּ/מִ/מִּקְנֵ֥ה בְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹא מֵ֥ת אֶחָֽד
And Pharaoh sent, and beholde, there was not one of the cattell of the Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people goe.
GenevaThen Pharaoh sent, and beholde, there was not one of the cattell of the Israelites dead: and the heart of Pharaoh was obstinate, and hee did not let the people goe.
וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֣ח פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְ/הִנֵּ֗ה לֹא מֵ֛ת מִ/מִּקְנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד אֶחָ֑ד וַ/יִּכְבַּד֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְ/לֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת הָ/עָֽם
¶ And the LORD saide vnto Moses, and vnto Aaron, Take to you handfuls of ashes of the fornace, and let Moses sprinkle it towards the heauen, in the sight of Pharaoh:
GenevaAnd the Lord said to Moses and to Aaron, Take your handfull of ashes of the fornace, and Moses shall sprinkle them towarde the heauen in the sight of Pharaoh,
וַ/יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ/אֶֽל אַהֲרֹן֒ קְח֤וּ לָ/כֶם֙ מְלֹ֣א חָפְנֵי/כֶ֔ם פִּ֖יחַ כִּבְשָׁ֑ן וּ/זְרָק֥/וֹ מֹשֶׁ֛ה הַ/שָּׁמַ֖יְמָ/ה לְ/עֵינֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה
And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall bee a boyle breaking forth with blaines, vpon man and vpon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt.
GenevaAnd they shall be turned to dust in all the land of Egypt: and it shalbe as a scab breaking out into blisters vpon man, and vpon beast, thorow out all the land of Egypt.
וְ/הָיָ֣ה לְ/אָבָ֔ק עַ֖ל כָּל אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְ/הָיָ֨ה עַל הָ/אָדָ֜ם וְ/עַל הַ/בְּהֵמָ֗ה לִ/שְׁחִ֥ין פֹּרֵ֛חַ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹ֖ת בְּ/כָל אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם
And they tooke ashes of the fornace, and stood before Pharaoh, and Moses sprinkled it vp toward heauen: and it became a boile breaking forth with blaines, vpon man and vpon beast.
GenevaThen they tooke ashes of the fornace, and stoode before Pharaoh: and Moses sprinkled them towarde the heauen, and there came a scab breaking out into blisters vpon man, and vpon beast.
וַ/יִּקְח֞וּ אֶת פִּ֣יחַ הַ/כִּבְשָׁ֗ן וַ/יַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ לִ/פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וַ/יִּזְרֹ֥ק אֹת֛/וֹ מֹשֶׁ֖ה הַ/שָּׁמָ֑יְמָ/ה וַ/יְהִ֗י שְׁחִין֙ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹ֔ת פֹּרֵ֕חַ בָּ/אָדָ֖ם וּ/בַ/בְּהֵמָֽה
And the Magicians could not stand before Moses, because of the boiles: for the boile was vpon the magicians, and vpon all the Egyptians.
GenevaAnd the sorcerers could not stande before Moses, because of the scab: for the scab was vpon the enchanters, and vpon all the Egyptians.
וְ/לֹֽא יָכְל֣וּ הַֽ/חַרְטֻמִּ֗ים לַ/עֲמֹ֛ד לִ/פְנֵ֥י מֹשֶׁ֖ה מִ/פְּנֵ֣י הַ/שְּׁחִ֑ין כִּֽי הָיָ֣ה הַ/שְּׁחִ֔ין בַּֽ/חֲרְטֻמִּ֖ם וּ/בְ/כָל מִצְרָֽיִם
And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and hee hearkened not vnto them, as the LORD had spoken vnto Moses.
GenevaAnd the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not vnto them, as the Lord had said vnto Moses.
וַ/יְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְ/לֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵ/הֶ֑ם כַּ/אֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶֽׁה
¶ And the LORD saide vnto Moses, Rise vp earely in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and say vnto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrewes, Let my people goe, that they may serue me.
GenevaAlso the Lord said vnto Moses, Rise vp early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and tell him, Thus saith the Lord God of the Ebrewes, Let my people goe, that they may serue me.
וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֔ה הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם בַּ/בֹּ֔קֶר וְ/הִתְיַצֵּ֖ב לִ/פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וְ/אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗י/ו כֹּֽה אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽ/עִבְרִ֔ים שַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת עַמִּ֖/י וְ/יַֽעַבְדֻֽ/נִי
For I will at this time send all my plagues vpon thine heart, and vpon thy seruants, and vpon thy people: that thou mayest knowe that there is none like me in all the earth.
GenevaFor I will at this time send all my plagues vpon thine heart, and vpon thy seruants, and vpon thy people, that thou mayest knowe that there is none like me in all the earth.
כִּ֣י בַּ/פַּ֣עַם הַ/זֹּ֗את אֲנִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֜חַ אֶת כָּל מַגֵּפֹתַ/י֙ אֶֽל לִבְּ/ךָ֔ וּ/בַ/עֲבָדֶ֖י/ךָ וּ/בְ/עַמֶּ֑/ךָ בַּ/עֲב֣וּר תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין כָּמֹ֖/נִי בְּ/כָל הָ/אָֽרֶץ
For now I will stretch out my hand, that I may smite thee and thy people, with pestilence, and thou shalt be cut off from the earth.
GenevaFor nowe I will stretch out mine hande, that I may smite thee and thy people with the pestilence: and thou shalt perish from the earth.
כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֶת יָדִ֔/י וָ/אַ֥ךְ אוֹתְ/ךָ֛ וְ/אֶֽת עַמְּ/ךָ֖ בַּ/דָּ֑בֶר וַ/תִּכָּחֵ֖ד מִן הָ/אָֽרֶץ
And in very deede, for this cause haue I raised thee vp, for to shewe in thee my power, and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth.
GenevaAnd in deede, for this cause haue I appointed thee, to shewe my power in thee, and to declare my Name throughout all the world.
וְ/אוּלָ֗ם בַּ/עֲב֥וּר זֹאת֙ הֶעֱמַדְתִּ֔י/ךָ בַּ/עֲב֖וּר הַרְאֹתְ/ךָ֣ אֶת כֹּחִ֑/י וּ/לְמַ֛עַן סַפֵּ֥ר שְׁמִ֖/י בְּ/כָל הָ/אָֽרֶץ
As yet exaltest thou thy selfe against my people, that thou wilt not let them goe?
GenevaYet thou exaltest thy selfe against my people, and lettest them not goe.
עוֹדְ/ךָ֖ מִסְתּוֹלֵ֣ל בְּ/עַמִּ֑/י לְ/בִלְתִּ֖י שַׁלְּחָֽ/ם
Behold, to morrow about this time, I wil cause it to raine a very grieuous haile, such as hath not bene in Egypt, since the foundation thereof euen vntill now.
GenevaBeholde, to morowe this time I will cause to raine a mightie great haile, such as was not in Egypt since the foundation thereof was laid vnto this time.
הִנְ/נִ֤י מַמְטִיר֙ כָּ/עֵ֣ת מָחָ֔ר בָּרָ֖ד כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא הָיָ֤ה כָמֹ֨/הוּ֙ בְּ/מִצְרַ֔יִם לְ/מִן הַ/יּ֥וֹם הִוָּסְדָ֖/ה וְ/עַד עָֽתָּה
Send therefore now, and gather thy cattell, and all that thou hast in the field: for vpon euery man and beast which shal be found in the field, and shal not bee brought home, the haile shall come downe vpon them, and they shall die.
GenevaSend therefore nowe, and gather the cattell, and all that thou hast in the fielde: for vpon all the men, and the beastes, which are found in the field, and not brought home, the haile shall fall vpon them, and they shall die.
וְ/עַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֤ח הָעֵז֙ אֶֽת מִקְנְ/ךָ֔ וְ/אֵ֛ת כָּל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְ/ךָ֖ בַּ/שָּׂדֶ֑ה כָּל הָ/אָדָ֨ם וְ/הַ/בְּהֵמָ֜ה אֲשֶֽׁר יִמָּצֵ֣א בַ/שָּׂדֶ֗ה וְ/לֹ֤א יֵֽאָסֵף֙ הַ/בַּ֔יְתָ/ה וְ/יָרַ֧ד עֲלֵ/הֶ֛ם הַ/בָּרָ֖ד וָ/מֵֽתוּ
Hee that feared the word of the LORD amongst the seruants of Pharaoh, made his seruants and his cattell flee into the houses.
GenevaSuch then as feared the word of the Lord among the seruants of Pharaoh, made his seruants and his cattell flee into the houses:
הַ/יָּרֵא֙ אֶת דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מֵֽ/עַבְדֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֑ה הֵנִ֛יס אֶת עֲבָדָ֥י/ו וְ/אֶת מִקְנֵ֖/הוּ אֶל הַ/בָּתִּֽים
And he that regarded not the word of the LORD, left his seruants and his cattell in the field.
GenevaBut such as regarded not the worde of the Lord, left his seruants, and his cattell in the fielde.
וַ/אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא שָׂ֛ם לִבּ֖/וֹ אֶל דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה וַֽ/יַּעֲזֹ֛ב אֶת עֲבָדָ֥י/ו וְ/אֶת מִקְנֵ֖/הוּ בַּ/שָּׂדֶֽה
¶ And the LORD saide vnto Moses, Stretch forth thine hand toward heauen, that there may be haile in all the land of Egypt, vpon man and vpon beast, and vpon euery herbe of the field, thorowout the land of Egypt.
GenevaAnd the Lord saide to Moses, Stretche foorth thine hande towarde heauen, that there may be haile in all the land of Egypt, vpon man, and vpon beast, and vpon all the herbes of the fielde in the lande of Egypt.
וַ/יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל מֹשֶׁה נְטֵ֤ה אֶת יָֽדְ/ךָ֙ עַל הַ/שָּׁמַ֔יִם וִ/יהִ֥י בָרָ֖ד בְּ/כָל אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם עַל הָ/אָדָ֣ם וְ/עַל הַ/בְּהֵמָ֗ה וְ/עַ֛ל כָּל עֵ֥שֶׂב הַ/שָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּ/אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם
And Moses stretched foorth his rod toward heauen, and the LORD sent thunder and haile, and the fire ranne along vpon the ground, and the LORD rained haile vpon the land of Egypt.
GenevaThen Moses stretched out his rod towarde heauen, and the Lord sent thunder and haile, and lightening vpon the ground: and the Lord caused haile to raine vpon the land of Egypt.
וַ/יֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת מַטֵּ/הוּ֮ עַל הַ/שָּׁמַיִם֒ וַֽ/יהוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן קֹלֹת֙ וּ/בָרָ֔ד וַ/תִּ֥הֲלַךְ אֵ֖שׁ אָ֑רְצָ/ה וַ/יַּמְטֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה בָּרָ֖ד עַל אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם
So there was haile, and fire mingled with the haile, very grieuous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt, since it became a nation.
GenevaSo there was haile, and fire mingled with the haile, so grieuous, as there was none throughout all the lande of Egypt, since it was a nation.
וַ/יְהִ֣י בָרָ֔ד וְ/אֵ֕שׁ מִתְלַקַּ֖חַת בְּ/ת֣וֹךְ הַ/בָּרָ֑ד כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא הָיָ֤ה כָמֹ֨/הוּ֙ בְּ/כָל אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵ/אָ֖ז הָיְתָ֥ה לְ/גֽוֹי
And the haile smote throughout all the land of Egypt, all that was in the field, both man and beast: and the haile smote euery herbe of the fielde, and brake euery tree of the field.
GenevaAnd the haile smote throughout al ye land of Egypt all that was in the fielde, both man and beast: also ye haile smote all the herbes of ye field, and brake to pieces all the trees of the fielde.
וַ/יַּ֨ךְ הַ/בָּרָ֜ד בְּ/כָל אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם אֵ֚ת כָּל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּ/שָּׂדֶ֔ה מֵ/אָדָ֖ם וְ/עַד בְּהֵמָ֑ה וְ/אֵ֨ת כָּל עֵ֤שֶׂב הַ/שָּׂדֶה֙ הִכָּ֣ה הַ/בָּרָ֔ד וְ/אֶת כָּל עֵ֥ץ הַ/שָּׂדֶ֖ה שִׁבֵּֽר
Onely in the land of Goshen where the children of Israel were, was there no haile.
GenevaOnely in the lande of Goshen (where the children of Israel were) was no haile.
רַ֚ק בְּ/אֶ֣רֶץ גֹּ֔שֶׁן אֲשֶׁר שָׁ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֥א הָיָ֖ה בָּרָֽד
¶ And Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said vnto them, I haue sinned this time: the LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked.
GenevaThen Pharaoh sent and called for Moses and Aaron, and said vnto them, I haue now sinned: the Lord is righteous, but I and my people are wicked.
וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֣ח פַּרְעֹ֗ה וַ/יִּקְרָא֙ לְ/מֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽ/לְ/אַהֲרֹ֔ן וַ/יֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵ/הֶ֖ם חָטָ֣אתִי הַ/פָּ֑עַם יְהוָה֙ הַ/צַּדִּ֔יק וַ/אֲנִ֥י וְ/עַמִּ֖/י הָ/רְשָׁעִֽים
Entreat the LORD, (for it is enough) that there be no more mighty thunderings and haile, and I will let you goe, and ye shall stay no longer.
GenevaPray ye vnto the Lord (for it is ynough) that there be no more mightie thunders and haile, and I will let you goe, and yee shall tarie no longer.
הַעְתִּ֨ירוּ֙ אֶל יְהוָ֔ה וְ/רַ֕ב מִֽ/הְיֹ֛ת קֹלֹ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים וּ/בָרָ֑ד וַ/אֲשַׁלְּחָ֣ה אֶתְ/כֶ֔ם וְ/לֹ֥א תֹסִפ֖וּ/ן לַ/עֲמֹֽד
And Moses saide vnto him, Assoone as I am gone out of the citie, I will spread abroad my hands vnto the LORD, and the thunder shall cease, neither shall there be any more haile: that thou mayest know how that the earth is the LORDs.
GenevaThen Moses saide vnto him, Assoone as I am out of the citie, I will spreade mine hands vnto the Lord, and the thunder shall cease, neither shall there be any more haile, that thou mayest knowe that the earth is the Lordes.
וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָי/ו֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה כְּ/צֵאתִ/י֙ אֶת הָ/עִ֔יר אֶפְרֹ֥שׂ אֶת כַּפַּ֖/י אֶל יְהוָ֑ה הַ/קֹּל֣וֹת יֶחְדָּל֗וּ/ן וְ/הַ/בָּרָד֙ לֹ֣א יִֽהְיֶה ע֔וֹד לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֥י לַ/יהוָ֖ה הָ/אָֽרֶץ
But as for thee and thy seruants, I know that ye will not yet feare the LORD God.
GenevaAs for thee and thy seruants, I knowe afore I pray ye will feare before the face of the Lord God.
וְ/אַתָּ֖ה וַ/עֲבָדֶ֑י/ךָ יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּ֚י טֶ֣רֶם תִּֽירְא֔וּ/ן מִ/פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִֽים
And the flaxe, and the barley was smitten: for the barley was in the eare, and the flaxe was bolled:
Geneva(And the flaxe, and the barley were smitten: for the barley was eared, and the flaxe was bolled.
וְ/הַ/פִּשְׁתָּ֥ה וְ/הַ/שְּׂעֹרָ֖ה נֻכָּ֑תָה כִּ֤י הַ/שְּׂעֹרָה֙ אָבִ֔יב וְ/הַ/פִּשְׁתָּ֖ה גִּבְעֹֽל
But the wheat and the rye were not smitten: for they were not growen vp.
GenevaBut the wheat and the rye were not smitten, for they were hid in the grounde)
וְ/הַ/חִטָּ֥ה וְ/הַ/כֻּסֶּ֖מֶת לֹ֣א נֻכּ֑וּ כִּ֥י אֲפִילֹ֖ת הֵֽנָּה
And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread abroad his hands vnto the LORD: and the thunders and haile ceased, and the raine was not powred vpon the earth.
GenevaThen Moses went out of the citie from Pharaoh, and spred his hands to the Lord, and the thunder and the haile ceased, neither rained it vpon the earth.
וַ/יֵּצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה מֵ/עִ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶת הָ/עִ֔יר וַ/יִּפְרֹ֥שׂ כַּפָּ֖י/ו אֶל יְהוָ֑ה וַֽ/יַּחְדְּל֤וּ הַ/קֹּלוֹת֙ וְ/הַ/בָּרָ֔ד וּ/מָטָ֖ר לֹא נִתַּ֥ךְ אָֽרְצָ/ה
And when Pharaoh saw that the raine, and the haile and the thunders were ceased, hee sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his seruants.
GenevaAnd when Pharaoh sawe that the raine and the haile and the thunder were ceased, hee sinned againe, and hardened his heart, both he, and his seruants.
וַ/יַּ֣רְא פַּרְעֹ֗ה כִּֽי חָדַ֨ל הַ/מָּטָ֧ר וְ/הַ/בָּרָ֛ד וְ/הַ/קֹּלֹ֖ת וַ/יֹּ֣סֶף לַ/חֲטֹ֑א וַ/יַּכְבֵּ֥ד לִבּ֖/וֹ ה֥וּא וַ/עֲבָדָֽי/ו
And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, neither would he let the children of Israel goe, as the LORD had spoken by Moses.
GenevaSo the heart of Pharaoh was hardened: neither would he let the children of Israel goe, as the Lord had said by Moses.
וַֽ/יֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְ/לֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּ/אֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בְּ/יַד מֹשֶֽׁה
End of ex chapter 9.